Investigation of the dependence of the electrical resistance of Iron powder on the compressive force

The purpose of the study is to establish the dependence of the electrical resistance of iron powder on the compression force.

Methods. The electrical iron powder was placed in a sleeve. The sleeve is tightly closed on both sides by metal pistons protected from external sources of electrical resistance by dielectric spacers. A force F̅ is applied to one of the spacers. The strain gauge measures the amount of applied force, and the ohmmeter records the presence of electrical resistance and its amount in the circuit section. Using this setup, a full factorial experiment was conducted, during which the powder samples were changed, a 7-gram sample was taken, as well as a 14-gram sample, and the above parameters were monitored. In this case, the change in electrical resistance was chosen as an optimization criterion when assessing electrical conductivity in a circuit section.

The results of the study showed an empirical dependence of the resistance of electrical iron powder on the change in pressure on it, by conducting a full factorial experiment. Thus, for the first time, new dependencies of the electrical resistance of iron powder on the compression force were obtained. This dependence shows that of the three factors under study, the greatest influence is exerted by the compression force, with an increase, the resistance decreases, a decrease in resistance is also observed with an increase in the bushing diameter, which models the diameter of the conductor cross-section. With this increase in the mass of the powder, the resistance increases, from which it can be concluded that with an increase in the length of the conductor, the electrical conductivity decreases.

Conclusion. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the electrical iron powder changes its electrical resistance depending on the force applied to it, the diameter of the conductor and the mass of the compressed powder. Based on the results of the experiment, an empirical relationship was compiled between these factors.

1. Wu S.Y., Yang C., Hsu W., Lin L. 3D-printed microelectronics for integrated circuitry and passive wireless sensors. J. Microsystems & Nanoengineering. 2015;1(1):1-9.

2. Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S., Dosumov A.K., Krohin D.E. Prospects for the application and development of conductive filament. In: Tekhnika i tekhnologii: puti innovatsionnogo razvitiya: sbornik nauchnykh trudov 9-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Engineering and technology: ways of innovative development: collection of scientific papers of the 9th International scientific and practical conference. Kursk: Universitetskaya kniga; 2020. P. 249-252. (In Russ.)

3. Kuts V.V., Razumov M.S., Dosumov A.K., Chevychelov S.A. Development of conductive filament for 3D printing. STIN. 2021;(7):37-39. (In Russ.)

4. Latypov R.A., Ageev E.V., Strizheus V.A., Bugerruma K. Study of the material of the bronze bushing obtained by 3D printing from metal-polymer wire. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstven- nogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Seties: Engineering and Technology. 2023;13(3):8-20. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1528-2023-13-3-8-20

5. Razumov M.S., Chaplygin R.E., Maltsev O.N., Drynova I.A. Experimental studies of the electrical conductivity of Iron powder. In: Problemy razvitiya sovremennogo obshchestva: sbornik nauchnykh statei 9-i Vserossiiskoi natsional'noi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii = Problems of development of modern society: collection of scientific articles of the 9th All-Russian national scientific and practical conference. Vol. 3. Kursk: Universitetskaya kniga; 2024. P. 442-446. (In Russ.)

6. Montes J.M., Cuevas F.G., Ternero F., Astacio R., Caballero E.S., Cintas J.A. Method to determine the electrical resistance of a metallic powder mass under compression. Metals. 2017;7(11):479. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7110479

7. Abdullin M.I., Basyrov A.A., Koltaev N.V., Nagaev R.R., Koksharova Yu.A. Conductive polymer composites for 3D printing. Byulleten' nauki i praktiki = Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2016;(4):44-50. (In Russ.)

8. Golev I.M., Sanin V.N., Russkikh E.A., Russkikh D.V. Electrical conductivity of compacted nanodispersed graphite materials. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Seties: Engineering and Technology. 2015;(1):66-73. (In Russ.)

9. Pozhidaeva S.D., Ivanov A.M. Surface deposits of products and macrokinetic characteristics of the interaction of copper with Copper (II) oxide in aqueous solutions of salts and acids. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Seties: Engineering and Technology. 2015;(4):61-70. (In Russ.)

10. Osinkin D.A., Zhuravlev V.D. Nickel-ceramic electrodes with increased Nickel content for electrochemical devices on solid electrolytes. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii = Journal of Applied Chem-istry. 2020;93(2):298-304. (In Russ.)

11. Abdullin M.I., Basyrov A.A., Koltaev N.V., Koksharova Yu.A. Three-dimensional proto-types based on carbon-filled conductive compositions. Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk = Actual problems of humanitarian and natural sciences. 2015:(11-2):8-13. (In Russ.)

12. Brodova I.G., Zeldovich V.I., Khomskaya I.V. Phase-structural transformations and properties of non-ferrous metals and alloys under extreme influences. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie = Physics of metals and metal science. 2020;121(7):696-730. (In Russ.)

13. Minaev I.V., Kutepov S.N., Klementyev D.S., Zhurba D.V., Golyshev I.V. Surface micro-structuring of hot-rolled Carbon structural steels under complex action of laser radiation Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Seties: Engineering and Technology. 2024;4(2):8-21. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1528-2024-14-2-8-21

14. Kostikov V.I., Lopatin V.Yu., Eremeeva Zh.V., Simonova E.V., Kaplansky Yu.Yu., Sharip- zyanova G.Kh, et al. Structure and properties of aluminum matrix composite materials obtained in a non-stationary force field and strengthened with nanosized additives. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Seties: Engineering and Technology. 2014;(1):52-60. (In Russ.)

15. Dyachkova L.N. Structure and properties of copper-graphite composite materials. Doklady Natsional'noi akademii nauk Belarusi = Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. 2020;64(4):488-494. (In Russ.)

16. Yin Y., Zhai K., Zhang B., Zhai S. Electrical resistivity of iron phosphides at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions with implications for lunar core's thermal conductivity. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth. 2019;124(6):5544-5556. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb017157

17. Zhang C., Lin J. F., Liu Y., Feng S., Jin C., Hou, M., et al. Electrical resistivity of Fe-C alloy at high pressure: effects of carbon as a light element on the thermal conductivity of the earth's core. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth. 2018;123(5):3564-3577. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jb015260

18. Wagle F., Steinle-Neumann G. Electrical resistivity discontinuity of iron along the melting curve. Geophys. J. Int. 2018;213(1):237-243. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx526

19. Rogachev A.S., Kuskov K.V., Moskovskikh D.O., Usenko A.A., Orlov A.O., Shkodich N.F., et al. Effect of mechanical activation on thermal and electrical conductivity of sintered CU, CR powders and CU/CR composite. Reports of the Academy of Sciences. 2016;468(5):508. (In Russ.)

20. Abdullin M.I., Basyrov A.A., Gadeev A.S., Koltaev N.V., Nikolaev S.N. Comparison of electrical conductivity of conductive polymer composites filled with carbon black and carbon fibers. Zhurnal nauchnykh publikatsii aspirantov i doktorantov = Journal of scientific publications ofpostgraduate and doctoral students. 2014;(11):16-21. (In Russ.)