Development and Research of High-Strength High-Speed Steels Based on Electroerosion Dispersed Alloy Particles R6M5

The purpose of this study was to conduct metallographic studies of high-strength high-speed steels based on electroerosion dispersed particles of alloy R6M5.

Methods. Electrodispersion of the R6M5 alloy waste was carried out in a metal waste disperser patented by the authors (RF Patent No. 2449859). Lighting kerosene was used as the working fluid. The fusion of the electroerosion charge was carried out in the spark plasma fusion system SPS 25-10 "Thermal Technology" (USA). The tasks set in the work were solved using modern equipment and complementary methods of physical materials science, including: the elemental composition of high-speed steels was studied on an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer of the company "EDAX" (Netherlands), embedded in a scanning electron microscope "QUANTA 200 3D" (Netherlands); the phase composition of high-speed steels was studied on an X-ray diffractometer "Rigaku Ultima IV" (Japan); The microstructure of the alloys was studied using an electron-ion scanning (scanning) microscope with field emission of electrons "QUANTA 600 FEG" (Netherlands).

Results. It has been experimentally established that high-speed steels made of electroerosion dispersed waste particles of alloy P6M5 have the following characteristics: fine-grained structure without pores, cracks and discontinuities; the main elements are Fe, W, Cr, Mo and C; the main phases are Fe₃C, Mo₂C, Fe, W, Cr.

Conclusion. A complex of metallographic studies of new high-speed steels produced by spark plasma fusion of powders obtained by electroerosive dispersion of alloy R6M5 waste in kerosene has shown high efficiency of using spark plasma fusion technology to provide high mechanical properties to high-speed steels from electroerosion dispersed particles of alloy R6M5 waste.

1. Rakhadilov B. K., Zhurerova L. G., Scheffler M., Khassenov A. K. Change in high temperature wear resistance of high speed steel by plasma nitriding. Vestnik Karagandinskogo universiteta. Seriya: Fizika = Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Physics Series, 2018, no. 3 (91), pp. 59–65.

2. Rakhadilov B. K., Wieleba W., Kylyshkanov M. K., Kenesbekov A. B., Maulet M. Structure and phase composition of highspeed steels. Vestnik Karagandinskogo universiteta. Seriya: Fizika = Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Physics Series, 2020, no. 2 (98), pp. 83–92.

3. Guryev A. M., Ivanov S. G., Guryev M. A., Berdychenko A. A., Chernykh E. V. Vliyanie rezhimov termicheskoi obrabotki na strukturu i fiziko-mekhanicheskie svoistva bystrorezhushchei stali [The influence of heat treatment modes on the structure and physicomechanical properties of high-speed steel]. Fundamental'nye problemy sovremennogo materialovedeniya = Fundamental problems of modern materials science, 2018, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 103–108.

4. Guryev A. M., Ivanov S. G., Guryev M. A., Berdychenko A. A. Vliyanie termicheskoi obrabotki na strukturu i svoistva bystrorezhushchei stali [The influence of heat treatment on the structure and properties of high-speed steel]. Polzunovskii al'manakh = Polzunovsky Almanac, 2017, no. 4-5, pp. 128–132.

5. Zhachkin S. Yu., Boldyrev A. I., Boldyrev A. A., Penkov N. A., Mikhailov V. V., Sidorkin O. A. Uprochnenie kontaktnykh poverkhnostei instrumenta iz bystrorezhushchikh stalei dispersno-uprochnennym kompozitnym khromovym pokrytiem [Hardening of the contact surfaces of tools made of high-speed steels with a dispersed-hardened composite chrome coating]. Uprochnyayushchie tekhnologii i pokrytiya = Hardening technologies and coatings, 2017, no. 12 (156), pp. 572–574.

6. Lavro V. N. Issledovanie i razrabotka tekhnologii naneseniya iznosostoikikh ionnoplazmennykh pokrytii na rezhushchii instrument iz bystrorezhushchei stali [Research and development of technology for applying wear-resistant ion-plasma coatings to cutting tools made of high-speed steel]. Sovremennye materialy, tekhnika i tekhnologii = Modern materials, equipment and technologies, 2017, no. 6 (14), pp. 36–41.

7. Malushin N. N., Valuev D. V., Osipov E. G. Vozmozhnost' primeneniya pri mnogosloinoi naplavke effekta kineticheskoi plastichnosti v bystrorezhushchikh stalyakh pri martensitnom i beinitnom prevrashchenii [The possibility of applying the effect of kinetic plasticity in high-speed steels during martensitic and bainitic transformation during multilayer surfacing]. Sovremennye materialy, tekhnika i tekhnologii = Modern materials, equipment and technologies, 2017, no. 7 (15), pp. 53–57.

8. Shabalin V. N. Struktura i svoistva bystrorezhushchei stali, mikrolegirovannoi borom pri EShP otkhodov instrumenta [Structure and properties of high-speed steel microalloyed with boron at the ESP of tool waste]. Polzunovskii al'manakh = Polzunovsky Almanac, 2017, no. 1, pp. 58–63.

9. Baykov A. M., Baranova L. I., Kupalova I. K. Karbidy tipy MS v vol'framomolibdenovykh bystrorezhushchikh stalyakh [Carbides types of MS in tungsten-molybdenum highspeed steels]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov = Metallovedenie and heat treatment of metals, 1974, no. 6, pp. 72–74.

10. Morozov S. I. Primenenie sovremennykh programmnykh sredstv dlya rascheta protsessa kristallizatsii bystrorezhushchikh stalei [Application of modern software tools for calculating the crystallization process of high-speed steels]. Elektrometallurgiya = Electrometallurgy, 2015, no. 9, pp. 19–21.

11. Krukovich V. V., Borisova L. G. Izmenenie struktur i svoistv bystrorezhushchikh stalei v rezul'tate legirovaniya i slozhnoi termicheskoi obrabotki [Changing the structures and properties of high-speed steels as a result of alloying and complex heat treatment]. Nauchnyi forum. Sibir' = Scientific Forum. Siberia, 2016, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 19–20.

12. Kharaev Yu. P., Greshilov A. D. Issledovaniya karbidnoi fazy litoi bystrorezhushchei stali [Studies of the carbide phase of cast high-speed steel]. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii = Modern high-tech technologies, 2007, no. 11, pp. 47–48.

13. Chaus A. S. Strukturnye i fazovye prevrashcheniya pri termicheskoi obrabotke litoi bystrorezhushchei stali s povyshennym soderzhaniem khroma [Structural and phase transformations during heat treatment of cast high-speed steel with a high chromium content]. Fizika metallov i metallovedenie = Physics of metals and metallology, 2008, vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 85– 92.

14. Kutz V. V., Ivakhnenko A. G., Ageeva E. V. Stroenie i svoistva poroshkovoi bystrorezhushchei stali, poluchennoi elektroerozionnym dispergirovaniem v vode [Structure and properties of high-speed powder steel obtained by electroerosive dispersion in water]. Sovremennye materialy, tekhnika i tekhnologii = Modern materials, equipment and technologies, 2017, no. 5 (13), pp. 50–54.

15. Ageeva E. V., Latypov R. A., Ageev E. V., Altukhov A. Yu., Karpenko V. Yu. Kharakteristiki elektroiskrovykh pokrytii, poluchennykh elektrodami iz elektroerozionnykh poroshkov bystrorezhushchei stali [Characteristics of electric spark coatings obtained by electrodes from high-speed steel electroerosion powders]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsional'nye pokrytiya = Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Powder Metallurgy and Functional Coatings, 2015, no. 2, pp. 62–65.

16. Ageeva E. V., Altukhov A .Yu., Pikalov S. V. Issledovanie mikrotverdosti sintezirovannoi poroshkovoi bystrorezhushchei stali iz elektroerozionnykh poroshkov, poluchennykh v vodnoi srede [Investigation of microhardness of synthesized high-speed powder steel from electroerosive powders obtained in an aqueous medium]. Sovremennye materialy, tekhnika i tekhnologii = Modern materials, equipment and technologies, 2015, no. 1 (1), pp. 13–16.

17. Ageev E. V., Semenikhin B. A., Latypov R. A., Anikanov V. I. Ustanovka dlya polucheniya nanodispersnykh poroshkov iz tokoprovodyashchikh materialov [Installation for obtaining nanodisperse powders from conductive materials]. Patent RF, no. 2449859, 2012.

18. Ageev E. V., Karpenko V. Yu. Issledovanie svoistv spechennykh zagotovok iz poroshkov, poluchennykh elektroerozionnym dispergirovaniem otkhodov bystrorezhushchei stali [Investigation of the properties of sintered blanks from powders obtained by electroerosive dispersion of high-speed steel waste]. Sovremennye materialy, tekhnika i tekhnologii = Modern materials, equipment and technologies, 2016, no. 4 (7), pp. 10–16.

19. Ageev E. V., Altukhov A. Yu., Vorobyev E. A. Primenenie elektroerozionnogo poroshka bystrorezhushchei stali pri vosstanovlenii iznoshennykh detalei avtomobilei [The use of high-speed steel electroerosion powder in the restoration of worn-out car parts]. Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Bryansk State Technical University, 2016, no. 4 (52), pp. 192–198.

20. Ageeva E. V., Zubarev M. V. Ustanovka dlya polucheniya poroshkovykh materialov, prigodnykh dlya tekhnologicheskikh protsessov vosstanovleniya i uprochneniya detalei [Installation for obtaining powder materials suitable for technological processes of restoration and hardening of parts]. Trudy GOSNITI = Works of GOSNITI, 2017, vol. 129, pp. 169–173.

21. Ageeva E. V., Ageev E. V., Chaplygin V. Yu., Gorokhov A. A. Razmernye kharakteristiki bronzovogo elektroerozionnogo poroshka, poluchennogo v vode [Dimensional characteristics of bronze electroerosion powder obtained in water]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwestern State University. Series: Engineering and Technology, 2016, no. 1 (18), рp. 30–35.

22. Latypov R. A., Ageev E. V., Latypova G. R., Altukhov A. Yu., Ageeva E. V. Elementnyi sostav chastits poroshkov, poluchennykh elektroerozionnym dispergirovaniem otkhodov tverdogo splava marki VK8 [Elemental composition of powder particles obtained by electroerosive dispersion of solid alloy waste of the VK8 brand]. Elektrometallurgiya = Electrometallurgy, 2017, no. 11, pp. 26–31.

23. Ageev E. V., Latypova G. R., Davydov A. A., Ageeva E. V. Provedenie rentgenospektral'nogo mikroanaliza tverdosplavnykh elektroerozionnykh poroshkov [Conducting X-ray spectral microanalysis of carbide electroerosion powders]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University, 2012, no. 5 (44), pt. 2, pp. 99–102.

24. Ageev E. V., Gadalov V. N., Ageeva E. V., Bobryshev R. V. Poroshki poluchennye elektroerozionnym dispergirovaniem otkhodov tverdykh splavov – perspektivnyi material dlya vosstanovleniya detalei avtotraktornoi tekhniki [Powders obtained by electroerosive dispersion of solid alloy waste – a promising material for the restoration of parts of automotive equipment]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University, 2012, no. 1 (40), pt. 1, pp. 182–189.

25. Ageev E. V., Latypova G. R., Davydov A. A., Ageeva E. V. Otsenka effektivnosti primeneniya tverdosplavnykh elektroerozionnykh poroshkov v kachestve elektrodnogo materiala [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of carbide electroerosion powders as an electrode material]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnika i tekhnologii = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology, 2012, no. 1, pp. 19–22.

26. Ageev E. V., Semenikhin B. A., Ageeva E. V., Latypov R. A. Issledovanie khimicheskogo sostava poroshkov, poluchennykh elektroerozi-onnym dispergirovaniem tverdogo splava [Investigation of the chemical composition of powders obtained by electroerosive dispersion of a hard alloy]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University, 2011, no. 5. (38), pt. 1, pp. 138a–144.

27. Ageev E. V., Latypova G. R., Davydov A. A., Ageeva E. V. Provedenie rentgenospektral'nogo mikroanaliza tverdosplavnykh elektroerozionnykh poroshkov [Conducting X-ray spectral microanalysis of carbide electroerosion powders]. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Proceedings of the Southwest State University, 2012, no. 5 (44), pt. 2, pp. 99–102.