Emergent Properties of Magnetic Ions and Nanoparticles in Micellar Solutions of Surfactants

Purpose. Report the emergent (unexpected) properties of magnetic materials compared to those expected when they are obtained in aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants (aqueous quantum materials).

Methods. Chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants of various nature. Characterization of magnetic solutions and nanoparticles by magnetic measurements, spectroscopy, diffractometry, small-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, and others.

Results. The term 'water quantum material' refers to materials (micellar solutions) whose properties are mainly determined by the nuclear quantum effect at macroscopic scales (emergent property) and which exhibit phenomena and functionality not expected in the classical theory of micellization. The nuclear quantum effect is described in the articles and patents of the authors and is the mainstream of the modern scientific direction. The article presents in detail the experimentally confirmed emergent properties of magnetic materials obtained in aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants. In particular, Gd3+ ions in an aqueous micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) exhibit paramagnetic properties, while in liquid crystals (CH3COO–)3Gd3+–water–undecane they exhibit ferromagnetic properties. Hybrid Gd/Pt nanoparticles obtained in a quantum material with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) Pt-Gd exhibit anomalous magnetic properties. Nanosized powders of cobalt ferrite and nickel ferrite obtained in a micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate have superparamagnetic properties, which is typical for magnetic nanomaterials.

Conclusion. The synthesis of nanoparticles in a quantum material opens up the possibility of reducing ions of different signs in one stage during the processing of metallurgy waste in order to obtain nanoparticles of various metals and their composites. Magnetic nanoparticles obtained in a quantum surfactant material self-assemble on various substrates, which makes it possible to create materials whose residual magnetization and coercive field can be controlled at room temperatures.

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