Study of phase composition and microhardness of composite materials based on acrylic resin with inclusion of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and Cerium dioxide particles

Purpose of the study. Obtaining composite materials by hot pressing with different percentage ratios of Titanium dioxide and Cerium dioxide nanoparticles, studying their phase composition and microhardness.
Methods. Composite materials with inclusion of titanium Dioxide nanoparticles and Cerium dioxide particles with their different percentage content in samples were obtained by hot pressing. The nanometer size of particles in titanium dioxide powder was determined by atomic force microscopy. The presence of titanium dioxide and cerium dioxide particles in the obtained composite materials was shown using X-ray diffractometry. The average value of microhardness of composite samples was determined by the Vickers method.
Results. Composite materials with a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 9 mm based on acrylic resin with different percentage composition of Cerium dioxide and Titanium dioxide powders in the samples were obtained. Analysis of AFM images of titanium dioxide powder allows us to note the presence of both nanosized particles and their agglomerates in it. According to the results of X-ray structural analysis, the presence of cerium dioxide particles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the composite samples and the absence of impurities of other substances in them were revealed. The anatase phase in TiO₂ was determined. It was found that when Cerium dioxide particles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are added to the acrylic matrix, the microhardness of the composite materials increases.
Conclusion: This paper describes a method for producing composite materials using hot pressing. It has been established that the microhardness values of composite materials increase with the growth of the percentage of fillers in them. The growth of the microhardness of composite materials is presumably due to the intermolecular interaction of the filler mixture and acrylic resin with each other during its melting.

1. Mahesh Verma B. 19th century denture base materials revisited. Official Publication of the American Academy of the History of Dentistry www.historyofdentistry.org. 2011;59(1):1.

2. Kawaguchi T., Lassila L.V., Vallittu P.K., Takahashi Y. Mechanical properties of denture base resin cross-linked with methacrylated dendrimer. Dental materials. 2011;27(8):755–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.03.015

3. Altaie S.F. Tribological, microhardness and color stability properties of a heat-cured acrylic resin denture base after reinforcement with different types of nanofiller particles. Dental and Medical Problems. 2023;60(2):295–302. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/137611

4. Raszewski Z. Acrylic resins in the CAD/CAM technology: A systematic literature review. Dental and Medical Problems. 2020;57(4):449–454. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/124697

5. Zidan S., Silikas N., Alhotan A., Haider J., Yates J. Investigating the mechanical properties of ZrO2-impregnated PMMA nanocomposite for denture-based applications. Materials. 2019;12(8):1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081344

6. Borges A.L.S., Dal Piva A.M.D.O., Moecke S.E., de Morais R.C., Tribst J.P.M. Polymerization shrinkage, hygroscopic expansion, elastic modulus and degree of conversion of different composites for dental application. Journal of Composites Science. 2021;5(12):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120322

7. R. de Souza Leao, S.L.D. de Moraes, J.M. de Luna Gomes, C.A.A. Lemos, B.G. da Silva Casado, B.C. do Egito Vasconcelos, Pellizzer E.P. Influence of addition of zirconia on PMMA: A systematic review. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2020;106:110292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110292

8. Mitra S.B., Wu D., Holmes B.N. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2003;134(10):1382–1390. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0054

9. Fischer J., Stawarczyk B., Trottmann A., Hammerle C.H. Impact of thermal properties of veneering ceramics on the fracture load of layered Ce-TZP/A nanocomposite frameworks. Dental Materials. 2009;25(3):326–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2008.08.001

10. Wang Q., Perez J.M., Webster T.J. Inhibited growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by dextran-and polyacrylic acid-coated ceria nanoparticles. International journal of nanomedicine. 2013:3395–3399. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S50292

11. Dahl M., Liu Y., Yin Y. Composite titanium dioxide nanomaterials. Chemical reviews. 2014;114(19):9853–9889. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400634p

12. Reijnders L. The release of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles from nanocomposites. Polymer degradation and stability. 2009;94(5):873–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.02.005

13. Chatterjee A. Effect of nanoTiO2 addition on poly (methyl methacrylate): an exciting nanocomposite. Journal of applied polymer science. 2010;116(6):3396–3407. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31883

14. Abass B.A., Hunain M.B., Khudair J.M. Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Strength of Epoxy Hybrid Composite Materials Reinforced with Unidirectional Carbon and Glass Fibers. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021;1094(1):012159. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1094/1/012159

15. Tekin D., Birhan D., Kiziltas H. Thermal, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of calcinated nano-TiO2/polymer composites. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2020;251:123067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123067

16. Barik M., Das D., Satapathy P.K., Mohapatra P. Graphene supported ceria-titania mixed oxide composite-An effective photo catalyst for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. Environmental Engineering Research. 2023;28(6). https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2022.586

17. Sampreeth T., Al-Maghrabi M.A., Bahuleyan B.K., Ramesan M.T. Synthesis, characterization, thermal properties, conductivity and sensor application study of polyaniline/cerium-doped titanium dioxide nanocomposites. Journal of materials science. 2018;53(1):591–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1505-8

18. Dos Santos L.M., Baroudi K., Silikas N., Tribst J.P.M., Sinhoreti M., Brandt W., Liporoni P. Physical analysis of an acrylic resin modified by metal and ceramic nanoparticles. Dental and Medical Problems. 2023:1–8. https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/171844