Study of the Mechanisms of Hardening of the Obtained Composite Material Based on High Purity Aluminum, Hardened with SiO₂ Nanoparticles, in the Field of Centrifugal Force of the Centrifuge

Purpose of research.  Production of new composite materials based on aluminum, reinforced with dispersed, highstrength, refractory SiO2 nanoparticles in the field of centrifugal forces of the centrifuge, as well as the study of the properties of the obtained composite materials and the mechanisms of their hardening.

Methods. As the matrix material, high purity cast aluminum corresponding to the A99 grade was used, which was strengthened with nanoparticles: SiO2 produced by Plasmotherm LLC, the average particle size is 15 nm. An elemental local analysis of the chemical composition was carried out using electronic Auger spectroscopy. The dislocation structure of CM reinforced with dispersed silicon dioxide nanoparticles and their distribution in the matrix material were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The nature of the fracture was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The hardness of specially prepared samples was determined by the Rockwell method. The bending strength was determined by the three-point bending method. Tests for heat resistance were carried out by the weight method. 

Results. In the process of crystallization in the field of centrifugal forces of the centrifuge, CM based on an aluminum matrix reinforced with dispersed nanoscale particles in an amount not exceeding 1% were obtained. During a series of mechanical tests, it was proved that with an increase in the gravitational coefficient and the concentration of the hardening phase, the physical and mechanical characteristics increase. Using a number of microstructural analyses, it was proved that silicon dioxide nanoparticles aggregate and form agglomerates ranging in size from 100–300 nm. The agglomerates formed during crystallization are germinal centers and are located inside the grains along the boundaries of the subgrains. 

Conclusion. Composite materials based on high purity aluminum corresponding to the A99 grade, reinforced with SiO₂ nanoparticles, were obtained in the field of centrifugal force of the centrifuge with a gravitational coefficient equal to 121 and 164g. The influence of the nanoparticles used on the physico-mechanical and operational properties of the composite material is proved. A method of introducing strengthening nanoparticles in the form of pre–pressed briquettes - ligatures with a given content of the strengthening phase is proposed.

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