techusguИзвестия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Техника и технологииProceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology2223-1528Юго-Западный государственный университет10.21869/9/2223-1528-2026-16-2-105-117techusgu-412Research ArticleФИЗИКАPHYSICSДинамическая адсорбция паров органических растворителей на активированном углеDynamic adsorption of organic solvent vapors on activated carbonПаньковА. Д.PankovA. D.

Паньков Александр Дмитриевич, студент

ул. 50 лет Октября, д. 94, г. Курск 305040

Aleksandr D. Pankov, Student

50 Let Oktyabrya Str. 94, Kursk 305040

alekxpank26041986@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-7272-2939ЛоктионоваИ. В.LoktionovaI. V.

Локтионова Инна Владимировна, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры нанотехнологий, микроэлектроники, общей и прикладной физики

ул. 50 лет Октября, д. 94, г. Курск 305040

Inna V. Loktionova, Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor of the Nanotechnology Department, Microelectronics, General and Applied Physics

50 Let Oktyabrya Str. 94, Kursk 305040

ms.chuhaeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-1055-4019АбакумовП. В.AbakumovP. V.

Абакумов Павел Владимирович, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры физики, информатики и математики

ул. К. Маркса, д. 3, г. Курск 305041

Pavel V. Abakumov, Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor of the Physics, Informatics and Mathematics Department

Karl Marks Str., Kursk 305041

abakumovpavel18@gmail.comЮго-Западный государственный университетРоссияSouthwest State UniversityRussian FederationКурский государственный медицинский университетRussian FederationKursk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202608082026162105117Copyright © Паньков А.Д., Локтионова И.В., Абакумов П.В., 20262026Паньков А.Д., Локтионова И.В., Абакумов П.В.Pankov A.D., Loktionova I.V., Abakumov P.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/412

Цель – экспериментально и теоретически оценить динамику адсорбции паров трёх органических растворителей (ацетон, изопропанол, толуол) на активированном угле фильтров класса А1, выявить взаимосвязь между физико-химическими свойствами адсорбатов и параметрами защитного действия, а также определить эффективность термической регенерации адсорбента.

Методы

Методы. Адсорбционные эксперименты выполнены на оригинальной установке с неподвижным слоем адсорбента при расходе воздуха 0,02 л/с, температуре 24,5°C и относительной влажности 35%. Для каждого адсорбата измерены время защитного действия, масса сорбированного вещества и объём очищенного воздуха. Оценена степень восстановления сорбционной способности после термической регенерации (110°C, 1 ч). Методом Монте-Карло в большом каноническом ансамбле смоделированы изотермы адсорбции и рассчитаны изостерические теплоты.

Результаты

Результаты. Прямой корреляции между массой поглощённого вещества и временем до проскока не обнаружено. Ацетон обладает максимальной сорбционной ёмкостью (0,22 г), но минимальным временем защиты (240 с) из-за высокой летучести. Изопропанол обеспечивает наибольшее время защитного действия (780 с) при меньшей массе сорбции (0,18 г) благодаря образованию водородных связей. Толуол занимает промежуточное положение (363 с, 0,14 г) из-за стерических ограничений. Степень восстановления после регенерации составила 82–85%, что указывает на наличие необратимо связанной фракции (15–18%). Моделирование подтвердило ключевую роль электростатических и водородных взаимодействий, а также энергетическую неоднородность поверхности углеродного каркаса.

Заключение

Заключение. Полученные данные важны для прогнозирования ресурса угольных фильтров, выбора адсорбента под конкретные летучие органические соединения и оптимизации режимов термической регенерации с учётом полярности и летучести адсорбата.

Purpose – to experimentally and theoretically evaluate the dynamics of adsorption of vapors of three organic solvents (acetone, isopropanol, toluene) on activated carbon of class A1 filters, to identify the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the adsorbates and the protective action parameters, and to determine the efficiency of thermal regeneration of the adsorbent.

Methods

Methods. Adsorption experiments were carried out on an original fixed-bed setup at an air flow rate of 0.02 L/s, temperature of 24.5°C, and relative humidity of 35%. For each adsorbate, the breakthrough time, mass of adsorbed substance, and volume of purified air were measured. The degree of recovery of adsorption capacity after thermal regeneration (110°C, 1 h) was evaluated. Adsorption isotherms were simulated using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method, and isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated.

Results

Results. No direct correlation was found between the mass of adsorbed substance and the breakthrough time. Acetone exhibits the maximum adsorption capacity (0.22 g) but the shortest breakthrough time (240 s) due to its high volatility. Isopropanol provides the longest breakthrough time (780 s) with a lower adsorbed mass (0.18 g) due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Toluene occupies an intermediate position (363 s, 0.14 g) because of steric constraints. The degree of recovery after regeneration was 82–85%, indicating the presence of an irreversibly bound fraction (15–18%). The simulation confirmed the key role of electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions, as well as the energetic heterogeneity of the carbon framework surface.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The obtained data are important for predicting the service life of carbon filters, selecting the appropriate adsorbent for specific volatile organic compounds, and optimizing thermal regeneration regimes based on the polarity and volatility of the adsorbate.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.