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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">techusgu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Техника и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1528</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1528-2025-15-3-67-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">techusgu-350</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тепловая конвекция магнитной жидкости в вертикальном контуре: влияние теплового и магнитного чисел Релея на интенсивность теплообмена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thermal convection of magnetic fluid in a vertical loop: influence of thermal and magnetic Rayleigh numbers on heat transfer intensity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8140-7774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косков</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koskov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Андреевич Косков, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория «Динамика дисперсных систем»</p><p>614013; ул. Академика Королева, д. 1; Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Koskov, Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher</p><p> "Dynamics of disperse systems" Laboratory</p><p>614013; 1 Akademika Koroleva Str.; Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koskov.m@icmm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничников</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnikov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Фёдорович Пшеничников, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>614013; ул. Академика Королева, д. 1; Пермь</p><p>Researcher ID: F-9511-2013</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander F. Pshenichnikov, Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>614013; 1 Akademika Koroleva Str.; Perm</p><p>Researcher ID: F-9511-2013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pshenichnikov@icmm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт механики сплошных сред Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Пермского федерального исследовательского центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Косков М.А., Пшеничников А.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Косков М.А., Пшеничников А.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koskov M.A., Pshenichnikov A.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/350">https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/350</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования. Поиск функциональной зависимости интегрального теплопотока от теплового и магнитного чисел Релея при комбинированной (гравитационной и термомагнитной) конвекции феррожидкости в замкнутом гидродинамическом контуре и уточнение вклада термомагнитного механизма конвекции.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методы</title><p>   Методы. Первичные данные получены в рамках лабораторного эксперимента на вертикальном гидродинамическом контуре, заполненном феррожидкостью, с локализованными источниками тепла и магнитного поля напряжённостью до 29 кА/м. Использованы четыре образца феррожидкости типа «магнетит + керосин + олеиновая кислота» с одинаковым дисперсным составом частиц, но отличающиеся концентрацией магнитной фазы. Безразмерный интегральный теплопоток (число Нуссельта (Nu)) рассчитан по распределению температуры вдоль контура в стационарном режиме. Гравитационное и магнитное числа Релея определены через диаметр канала и перепад температуры на его нагретом участке. Пиромагнитный коэффициент феррожидкости рассчитывался в рамках бидисперсной модели.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Показано, что экспериментальные данные по интегральному теплопотоку, включая случай нулевого магнитного поля, подчиняются универсальной зависимости Nu = f(Rae).</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Для представления результатов экспериментального исследования выбраны безразмерные параметры – число Нуссельта и эффективное число Релея, учитывающие геометрию установки, теплофизические и магнитные свойства феррожидкости и параметры магнитного поля. Показано, что для построения универсальной кривой Nu = f(Rae) достаточно в качестве эффективного числа Релея Rae выбрать линейную комбинацию теплового и магнитного чисел Релея: Rae = RaT + ζ⋅Ram. Полученная кривая Nu = f(Rae) обобщает полученную нами информацию о конвективном теплопереносе для опытов с феррожидкостями разной концентрации во внешнем магнитном поле с напряжённостью до 29 кА/м. Безразмерный параметр ζ в наших опытах был равен 0,29, но в общем случае должен зависеть от геометрии установки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Purpose of research</title><p>   Purpose of research. Investigation of the functional relationship between integral heat flux and both thermal and magnetic Rayleigh numbers in combined (gravitational and thermomagnetic) convection of ferrofluid within a closed hydrodynamic loop, with assessment of the thermomagnetic convection mechanisms contribution.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods: Experimental data were obtained from a vertical hydrodynamic loop filled with a magnetite-kerosene-oleic acid ferrofluid, subjected to localized heating and magnetic fields up to 29 kA/m. Four ferrofluid samples with identical particle size distributions but varying magnetic phase concentrations were investigated. The dimensionless integral heat flux, expressed as the Nusselt number (Nu), was determined from steady-state temperature profiles along the circuit. Both gravitational (RaT) and magnetic (Ram) Rayleigh numbers were calculated using the channel diameter and temperature difference across the heated section. The ferrofluid's pyromagnetic coefficient was evaluated via a bidisperse model.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results: The experimental results demonstrate that the integral heat flux data, including the zero-field case, follow a universal scaling relation Nu = f(Rae).</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion: To characterize the experimental results, we employed dimensionless parameters—the Nusselt number (Nu) and the effective Rayleigh number (Rae)—which incorporate the system geometry, the ferrofluid's thermophysical and magnetic properties, and the applied magnetic field conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that a universal scaling relation Nu = f(Rae) can be established by defining the effective Rayleigh number as a linear combination of the thermal (RaT) and magnetic (Ram) Rayleigh numbers: Rae = RaT + ζ⋅Ram. This unified representation successfully describes convective heat transfer across all tested conditions, including ferrofluids of varying concentrations subjected to magnetic fields up to 29 kA/m. The empirical coefficient ζ was determined to be 0.29 in our experimental configuration, though we note this parameter may generally depend on system geometry.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тепловая конвекция</kwd><kwd>магнитная жидкость</kwd><kwd>замкнутый контур</kwd><kwd>теплоперенос</kwd><kwd>магнитное поле</kwd><kwd>безразмерные параметры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermal convection</kwd><kwd>magnetic fluid</kwd><kwd>closed loop</kwd><kwd>heat transfer</kwd><kwd>magnetic field</kwd><kwd>dimensionless parameters</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гос. задания, рег. номер темы: AAAA-A20-120020690030-5</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was completed within the framework of the state assignment, reg. number: АААА-А20- 120020690030-5</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Low viscosity magnetic fluid obtained by the colloidal suspension of magnetic particles : patent 3215572 USA / S.S. 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