<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">techusgu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Техника и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1528</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1528-2025-15-2-132-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">techusgu-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Накопление повреждений в бедренном компоненте эндопротеза тазобедренного сустава из углерод-углеродного композиционного материала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Accumulation of damage in the femoral component of the hip arthroplasty made of Carbon-Carbon composite material</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0439-590X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разумовский</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razumovskii</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Разумовский Егор Сергеевич, аспирант кафедры механики композиционных материалов и конструкций</p><p>Комсомольский пр-т, д. 29, г. Пермь 614990 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Razumovsky, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures</p><p>29 Komsomolsky Ave., Perm 614990 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erazumovskij@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавшуков</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavshukov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шавшуков Вячеслав Евгеньевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры механики композиционных материалов и конструкций</p><p>Комсомольский пр-т, д. 29, г. Пермь 614990 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav E. Shavshukov, Candidate of Sci ences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor of the Department of Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures</p><p>29 Komsomolsky Ave., Perm 614990 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shavshukov@pstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Perm National Research Polytechnic University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Разумовский Е.С., Шавшуков В.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Разумовский Е.С., Шавшуков В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Razumovskii E.S., Shavshukov V.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/331">https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/331</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Оценка количественного накопления повреждений в углерод-углеродном композиционном материале и влияния повреждаемости на несущую способность эндопротеза в процессе непрерывного нагружения. Необходимость оценки влияния повреждаемости на несущую способность обусловлена неоднородной структурой УУКМ. Причиной неоднородности УУКМ является пироуглеродная матрица, которая на уровне размерности кристаллитов является стохастической средой. В силу специфики строения УУКМ при малых нагрузках, вызванных случайными обстоятельствами при передвижении человека, могут возникать повреждения зерен, которые приводят к изменению упругих свойств в области повреждений пироуглеродной матрицы и УУКМ. Такие изменения приводят к псевдопластическому деформированию изделия из УУКМ.Методы. Модель для анализа влияния накопления повреждений на несущую способность эндопротеза, разработанная в рамках исследования, является синтезом двух методологически различных моделей. Первым уровнем модели является алгоритм, позволяющий получить решения интегрального уравнения для деформаций в зернах поликристалла пиролитического углерода, определить вероятности повреждения зерен матрицы для каждого из критериев, вычислить объемные доли разрушенных, частично поврежденных и неповрежденных кристаллитов и определить на двух масштабных уровнях упругие свойства пироуглеродной матрицы в рамках обобщенного сингулярного приближения и УУКМ по полидисперсной модели. Вторым уровнем является конечно-элементная модель бедренного компонента эндопротеза тазобедренного сустава, созданная в пакете ANSYS. Модель второго уровня позволяет оценить влияние повреждений матрицы на размерном уровне кристаллитов на макроскопическое механическое состояние конструкции. Взаимосвязь двухуровневой модели обеспечивается непрерывным обменом данными между двумя уровнями.Результат исследования. Кусочно-линейная диаграмма, демонстрирующая нетривиальный псевдопластический характер деформирования УУКМ. Заключение. Двухуровневая модель бедренного компонента эндопротеза ТБС показала, что УУКМ демонстрирует закритическое псевдопластическое деформирование, что свидетельствует о живучести и положительном механическом отклике конструкции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study. Assessment of the quantitative accumulation of damage in the C/C composite and the effect of damage on the bearing capacity of the endoprosthesis during continuous loading. The need to assess the impact of damage on load-bearing capacity is due to the heterogeneous structure of the C/C composite. The reason for the inhomogeneity of the C/C composite is the pyrocarbon matrix, which is a stochastic medium at the level of the crystallite dimension. Due to the specific structure of the C/C composite, damage to the grains may occur under low loads caused by accidental circumstances during human movement. Damage to the grains leads to a change in elastic properties in the area of damage to the pyrocarbon matrix and C/C composite. Such changes lead to pseudoplastic deformation of the C/C composite product.Methods. The model for analyzing the effect of damage accumulation on the bearing capacity of the endoprosthesis, developed as part of the study, is a synthesis of two methodologically different models. The first level of the model is an algorithm that allows us to obtain solutions to the integral equation for deformations in polycrystal grains of pyrolytic carbon, determine the probabilities of damage to the matrix grains for each of the criteria, calculate the volume fractions of destroyed, partially damaged and undamaged crystallites, and determine the elastic properties of the pyrocarbon matrix at two scale levels within the framework of the generalized singular approximation and the polydisperse model. The second level is a finite element model of the femoral component of the hip arthroplasty, created in the ANSYS package. The second level model makes it possible to evaluate the effect of matrix damage at the dimensional level of crystallites on the macroscopic mechanical condition of the structure. The interconnection of the two-level model is ensured by the continuous exchange of data between the two levels.Result of investigation. A piecewise linear diagram demonstrating the nontrivial pseudoplastic nature of the C/С composite deformation.Conclusion. A two-level model of the femoral component of the hip joint endoprosthesis showed that the C/C composite exhibits subcritical pseudoplastic deformation, which indicates the survivability and positive mechanical response of the structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пироуглерод</kwd><kwd>бедренный компонент</kwd><kwd>эндопротез</kwd><kwd>тазобедренный сустав</kwd><kwd>зерно поликристалла</kwd><kwd>структура материала</kwd><kwd>псевдопластическое деформирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pyrocarbon</kwd><kwd>femoral component</kwd><kwd>endoprosthesis</kwd><kwd>hip joint</kwd><kwd>polycrystalline grain</kwd><kwd>material structure</kwd><kwd>pseudoplastic deformation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации на проведение фундаментальных научных исследований (проект FSNM-2023-0006).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for basic scientific research (FSNM-2023-0006 project).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Projections and epidemiology of primary hip and knee arthroplasty in medicare patients to 2040-2060 / I. Shichman, M. Roof, N. Askew, L. Nherera, J. C. Rozell, T. M. Seyler, R. Schwarzkopf // JBJS. 2023. Vol. 8, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.22.00112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shichman I., Roof M., Askew N., Nherera L., Rozell J. C., M. Seyler T., Schwarzkopf R. Projections and epidemiology of primary hip and knee arthroplasty in medicare patients to 2040-2060. JBJS. 2023;8(1):e22.00112. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.22.00112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Correlation between patient age at total hip replacement surgery and life expectancy / C. Schwartsmann, L. de Freitas Spinelli, L. Boschin, A. Yépez, M. Crestani, M. Silva // Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2015. Vol. 23. P. 323–325. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220152306148609.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartsmann C., Spinelli L. de F., Boschin L., Yépez A., Crestani M., Silva M. Correlation between patient age at total hip replacement surgery and life expectancy. Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2015;23:323-325. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220152306148609.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huiskes R., Weinans H., Rietbergen B. The relationship between stress shielding and bone resorption around total hip stems and the effects of flexible materials // Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. 1992. Vol. 274. P. 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199201000-00014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huiskes R., Weinans H., Rietbergen B. The relationship between stress shielding and bone resorption around total hip stems and the effects of flexible materials. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. 1992;(274):124-134. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199201000-00014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самарцев В.А., Кадынцев И.В., Волуженков Е.Г. Послеоперационные осложнения металлоостеосинтеза конечностей // Пермский медицинский журнал. 2018. № 3. С. 5–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samarcev V.A., Kadyncev I.V., Voluzhenkov E.G. Postoperative complications of limb metallosteosynthesis. Permskij medicinskij zhurnal = Perm Medical Journal. 2018;(3):5-8. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trace metal determination as it relates to metallosis of orthopaedic implants: Evolution and current status / G. Ring, J. O’Mullane, A. O’Riordan, A. Furey // Clinical Biochemistry. 2016. Vol. 49, no. 7-8. P. 617–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.01.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ring G., O’Mullane J., O’Riordan A., Furey A. Trace metal determination as it relates to metallosis of orthopaedic implants: Evolution and current status. Clinical Biochemistry. 2016;49(7-8):617- 635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.01.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hallab N., Merritt K., Jacobs J.J. Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants // Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2001. Vol. 83, no. 3. P. 428–436. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200103000-00017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hallab N., Merritt K., Jacobs J.J. Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2001;83(3):428-436. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200103000-00017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ульрих Э.В. Вертебрология в терминах, цифрах, рисунках. СПб.: ЭЛБИ-СПб., 2002. 185 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ul'rikh E`. V. Vertebrology in terms, numbers, figures. St. Petersburg: ELBI-SPb.; 2002. 185 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Углеродные материалы в медицине / Е.П. Маянов, П.И. Золкин, Х.М. Аберяхимов, О.Г. Романова // Вестник российской академии естественных наук. 2016. № 2. С. 26–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayanov E.P., Zolkin P.I., Aberyakhimov X.M., Romanova O.G. Carbon materials in medicine. Vestnik rossijskoj akademii estestvennykh nauk = Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. 2016;(2):26-30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reilly D. T., Burstein A. H. The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue // Journal of Biomechanics. 1975. Vol. 8, no. 6. P. 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(75)90075-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reilly D.T., Burstein A.H. The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue. Journal of Biomechanics. 1975;8(6):393-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(75)90075-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The elastic properties of trabecular and cortical bone tissues are similar: results from two microscopic measurement techniques / C.H. Turner, J. Rho, Y. Takano, T.Y. Tsui, G.M. Pharr // Journal of Biomechanics. 1999. Vol. 32, no. 4. P. 437–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00177-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turner C.H., Rho J., Takano Y., Tsui T.Y., Pharr G.M. The elastic properties of trabecular and cortical bone tissues are similar: results from two microscopic measurement techniques. Journal of Biomechanics. 1999;32(4):437-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00177-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Технология и проектирование углерод-углеродных композитов и конструкций / Ю.В. Соколкин, А.М. Вотинов, А.А. Ташкинов [и др.]. М.: Наука, 1996. 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolkin Yu.V., Votinov A.M., Tashkinov A.A., et al. Technology and design of carboncarbon composites and structures. Moscow: Nauka; 1996. 238 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конечно-элементный анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния эндопротеза тазобедренного сустава при ходьбе / Л.Б. Маслов, А.Ю. Дмитрюк, М.А. Жмайло, А.Н. Коваленко // Российский журнал биомеханики. 2021. Т. 25, № 4. С. 414–433. https://doi.org/10.15593/RZhBiomeh/2021.4.07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov L.B., Dmitryuk A.Yu., Zhmajlo M.A., Kovalenko A.N. Finite element analysis of the stress-strain state of the hip arthroplasty during walking. Rossijskij zhurnal biomekhaniki = Russian Journal of Biomechanics. 2021;25(4):414-433. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15593/RZhBiomeh/2021.4.07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова Н.В., Ларичкин А.Ю., Шевела А.А. Моделирование нагрузок, создаваемых мостовидным зубным протезом с опорой на имплантаты верхней челюсти // Российский журнал биомеханики. 2022. № 2. С. 56–66. https://doi.org/10.15593/RZhBiomeh/2022.2.05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova N.V., Larichkin A.Yu., Shevela A.A. Modeling of the loads created by a bridgelike denture supported by maxillary implants. Rossijskij zhurnal biomekhaniki = Russian Journal of Biomechanics. 2022;(2):56-66. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15593/RZhBiomeh/2022.2.05.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finite element analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the different cemented hip femoral prostheses / M.M. Bouziane, S. Benbarek, S.M.H. Tabeti, B. Bachir Bouiadjra, B. Serier, T. Achour // Key Engineering Materials. 2014. Vol. 577-578. P. 349–352. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.577-578.349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouziane M.M., Benbarek S., Tabeti S.M.H., Bachir Bouiadjra B., Serier B., Achour T. Finite element analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the different cemented hip femoral prostheses. Key Engineering Materials. 2014;577-578:349-352. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.577-578.349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar P., Kumar J.N. Finite element analysis of femoral prosthesis using Ti-6Al-4 V alloy and TiNbZrTaFe high entropy alloy// Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020. Vol. 44, pt. 1. P. 1195– 1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar P., Kumar J. N. Finite element analysis of femoral prosthesis using Ti-6Al-4 V alloy and TiNbZrTaFe high entropy alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020;44(1):1195-2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Computational shape design optimization of femoral implants: towards efficient forging manufacturing / V. Tuninetti, G. Fuentes, A. Onate, S. Narayan, D. Celentano, C. Garcia-Herrera [et al.] // Applied Sciences. 2024. Vol. 14, no. 18. P. 8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuninetti V., Fuentes G., Onate A., Narayan S., Celentano D., Garcia-Herrera C., et al. Computational shape design optimization of femoral implants: towards efficient forging manufacturing. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(18):8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разумовский Е.С., Шавшуков В.Е., Аношкин А.Н. Прогнозирование несущей способности эндопротеза тазобедренного сустава из углерод-углеродного композиционного материала // Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Механика. 2022. № 4. С. 80–89. https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2022.4.08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumovskij E.S., Shavshukov V.E., Anoshkin A.N. Prediction of the bearing capacity of a hip arthroplasty made of carbon-carbon composite material. Vestnik Permskogo nacional'nogo issledovatel´skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Mekhanika = Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Mechanics. 2022;(4):80-89. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2022.4.08.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modelling of pseudoplastic deformation of carbon/carbon composites with pyrocarbon / V. Shavshukov, A. Tashkinov, Y. M. Strzhemechny, D. Hui // Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering. 2008. Vol. 16(5). P. 0055001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/16/5/055001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shavshukov V., Tashkinov A., Strzhemechny Y. M., Hui D. Modelling of pseudoplastic deformation of carbon/carbon composites with pyrocarbon. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering. 2008;16(5):055001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/16/5/055001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ташкинов А.А., Шавшуков В.Е. Неоднородности полей деформаций в зернах поликристаллических материалов и задача Эшелби // Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского университета. Механика. 2018. № 1. С. 58–72. https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2018.1.05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tashkinov A.A., Shavshukov V.E. Inhomogeneities of deformation fields in grains of polycrystalline materials and the Eshelby problem. Vestnik Permskogo nacional´nogo issledovatel´skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Mekhanika = Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Mechanics. 2018;(1):58-72. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2018.1.05.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разумовский Е.С., Шавшуков В.Е. Повреждаемость материала электрода ионного двигателя в процессе вывода аппарата на околоземную орбиту // Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Аэрокосмическая техника. 2024. № 78. С. 75–94. https://doi.org/10.4028/10.15593/2224-9982/2024.78.07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumovskij E.S., Shavshukov V.E. Damage to the ion engine electrode material during the launch of the spacecraft into low-Earth orbit. Vestnik Permskogo nacional´nogo issledovatel´skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Aerokosmicheskaya tekhnika = Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Aerospace engineering. 2024;(78):75-94. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.4028/10.15593/2224-9982/2024.78.07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">In vivo sliding distance on the metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty articulation using patient-specific gait analysis / Y. Peng, P. Arauz, S. An, Y.M. Kwon // Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2018. Vol. 36, no. 12. P. 3151–3160. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng Y., Arauz P., An S., Kwon Y.M. In vivo sliding distance on the metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty articulation using patient-specific gait analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2018;36(12):3151-3160. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Multiscale modeling of bone tissue mechanobiology / J.M. García-Aznar, G. Nasello, S. Hervas-Raluy, M.Á. Pérez, M.J. Gómez-Benito // Bone. 2021. Vol. 151, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2021.116032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García-Aznar J.M., Nasello G., Hervas-Raluy S., Pérez M.Á., Gómez-Benito M.J. Multiscale modeling of bone tissue mechanobiology. Bone. 2021;151(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2021.116032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blöß, T., Welsch M. RVE procedure for estimating the elastic properties of inhomogeneous microstructures such as bone tissue // Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics. 2015. Vol. 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10981-7_1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blöß T., Welsch M. RVE Procedure for estimating the elastic properties of inhomogeneous microstructures such as bone tissue. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics. 2015;74:17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10981-7_1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шермергор Т.Д. Теория упругости микронеоднородных сред. М.: Наука, 1977, 399 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shermergor T.D. Theory of elasticity of microuniform media. Moscow: Nauka; 1977. 399 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christensen R., Mccoy J. Mechanics of composite mateials // Journal of Applied Mechanics. 1980. Vol. 47, no. 2. P. 460. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3153710.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen R., Mccoy J. Mechanics of composite mateials. Journal of Applied Mechanics; 1980;47:460. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3153710.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
