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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">techusgu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Техника и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1528</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1528-2024-14-1-104-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">techusgu-225</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Топологические особенности в тактоидной нематической фазе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Topological Defects in Tactoid Nematic Phase</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-5755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельникова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elnikova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ельникова Лилия Вячеславовна, кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Большая Черемушкинская, д. 25, г. Москва 117218</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliia V. Elnikova, Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Scientific Researcher</p><p>25 Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya Str., Moscow 117218</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elnikova@itep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-9358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляев Виктор Васильевич, доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник управления развития науки</p><p>ул. Веры Волошиной, д. 24, г. Мытищи 141014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor V. Belyaev, Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Chief Research of Departament of Science Development</p><p>24 Very Voloshinoi Str., Mytishci 141014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vv.belyaev@mgou.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NRC-Kurchatov institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный университет просвещения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State University Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ельникова Л.В., Беляев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ельникова Л.В., Беляев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Elnikova L.V., Belyaev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/225">https://techusgu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/225</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Иллюстрация роли точечных поверхностных топологических дефектов в нематиках в фазовых переходах на примере неорганических золей пятиокиси ванадия в воде V2O5/H2O.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. На основе измерений поляризационной оптической микроскопии и теоретически в рамках модели Ландау – де Жена и модели дефектов Киббла – Журека оценивается влияние точечных топологических особенностей на поверхности нематических коллоидов лиотропных жидких кристаллов, в частности неорганических золей системы V2O5/H2O, на их критические термодинамические, электрические, оптические, упругие и механические свойства. Для системы V2O5/H2O анализируются разработанные модели нематических коллоидных фаз с нетривиальной топологией, состоящих из веретенообразных частиц, в которых классифицируются их топологические дефекты; рассматриваются геометрические параметры нематических частиц в динамике и эволюции в зависимости от физико-химических условий, критерии устойчивости фаз, условия слияния частиц, в том числе при воздействии внешнего магнитного поля, а также экспериментальные наблюдения, подтверждающие предложенные теории и модели.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. С учетом режима коалесценции оценен критический размер коллоидной частицы системы V2O5/H2O ~ 10 нм в направлении длинной оси, при котором величина магнитной энергии равна сумме упругой и поверхностной энергии коллоидной частицы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Подтверждается, что необходимым условием коалесценции частиц золей системы V2O5/H2O в магнитном поле является аннигиляция точечных топологических дефектов на их полюсах, установлен геометрический критерий коалесценции частиц в магнитном поле на основе различных теорий их поверхностных дефектов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose research of the work is to illustrate the role of point surface topological defects in nematics in phase transitions using the example of inorganic sols of vanadium pentoxide in water V2O5/H2O.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Basing on the measurements on polarization light microscopy and theoretically, in frames of the Landau-de Gennes model and the Kibble-Zurek model for defects, the influence of point topological defects at the surface of nematic colloid of lyotropic liquid crystals, in particular, in inorganic sols of the V2O5/H2O system, on their critical thermodynamic, electric, optical, elastic and mechanical properties is estimated. For the system V2O5/H2O, we study the developed models of nematic colloid phases with non-trivial topology composed of spindle-shaped particles, in which their topological defects are classified; geometrical parameters of nematic particles in dynamics and evolution depending on physicochemical conditions, phase stability criteria, conditions for coalescence of particles, including, under external magnetic field, and also, experimental observations confirmed the proposed theories and models, are considered.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. With a glance of coalescence regime, the critical size of a colloid particle of the system V2O5/H2O, ~ 10 nm in the long axis direction, in which the value of magnetic energy equals to the sum of elastic and surface energy of acolloid particle, is estimated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We confirmed, that the prerequisite of sol particle coalescence in the system V2O5/H2O in the magnetic field is annihilation of the point topological defects at their poles, the geometrical criterion of tactoid coalescence in magnetic field is established basing on the different theories of their surface defects.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неорганические нематические золи</kwd><kwd>бисферическая геометрия</kwd><kwd>точечные топологические дефекты</kwd><kwd>коалесценция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inorganic nematic sols</kwd><kwd>bipolar geometry</kwd><kwd>point topological defects</kwd><kwd>coalescence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят Ж. Дюплатра и О. Д. Лаврентовича за обеспечение литературой.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors thank J. Duplatre and O. D. 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